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TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1. Introduction                                                                            1

1.1     Packaging application of Polyethylene – Cellophane              2

CHAPTER TWO

1. Literature Review                                                                              4

2.1     Historical Review                                                                              5

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Theory of Sealing                                                                              8

1. Mode of Operation                                                                  10
2. Material of Construction                                                                   11

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Constructional Procedure                                                       13

1. Engineering Drawing                                                               13
2. Marking out / Cutting                                                              13     
3. Construction of Transformer                                                  14

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Discussion                                                                                       15

1. Cost Estimation                                                                      17
2. Recommendation Conclusion                                                  19

References                                                                               20                                                                       

 

ABSTRACT

The portable cellophane cutting and sealing machine has all operational cutting and sealing capacity of producing one thousand (1000) bags per hour. The machine was constructed using local sourced materials The machine can out and seal high medium and low-density cellophane at a good cost. The prototype machine is (35x 20 x 20cm) which components: the sealing and cutting filament clement, the transformer with 100 turns of wire for the primary coil and 1200turns of wire for the secondary coil with a wire of 0-1mm diameter. Others include the microwitch, texlon tape and a wooden casing. The machine has a high tested efficiency and very durable with reasonable degree of accuracy. In the fabrication of the machine, the wood and metal were marked out and cut, the fabrication was placed to protect it from external stress and damage and also for the purpose of decency, the cover was fastened with bolt and nuts. The metal was bent to fit smoothly into the casing to sense as cover for the protection of the transformer and base for holding nylon rolls, it filament element was also placed at the edge of the casing. This filament element converts electrical energy to heat energy to ensure sealing of the cellophane file, The total cost of the machine is four thousand five hundred Naira (N4500.00) excluding the cost of transportation and other over head costs.

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

Packaging of materials and items are known practices in both our domestic and industrial lives. Various packaging media have been used but they all have their limitations like cost, availability, efficiency, machine ability etc.

Cellophane cutting sealing machine is very important in our contemporary packaging industries and manufacturing or finished and semi-finished products. The recent increase in the production of perishable goods has opted the need for appropriate attention to the packaging and storage of the products.

Before lately, packaging was done using paper bags and other materials, but recently most packaging is done using cellophane material.

Cellophane is a material obtained organically through polymerization reaction. Basically it is the combination of isomers to form polyethylene.

Some of the properties of polyethylene include resistance to most chemical attacks, nestness to atmospheric air etc. cellophane is normally preferred to order packaging material because of its low cost of production and availability.

Some of the goods packaged using polyethylene include ice cream, pure water, biscuits, beverages, pharmaceutical products etc.

 

1. PACKAGING APPLICATION

Polyethylene – Cellophane:

These are applications of polyethylene a packaging as material

 

1. Produce Wrapping: Low-density polyethylene (CODE) is used in the packaging of Horticultural and agricultural produce.
2. Frozen Food Packaging: It is used in the packaging of frozen foods like fish, meat, ice-cream, milk, water etc.
3. General Food Packaging: The intertness of low density polyethylene has led to its use for packaging of foods like bread, biscuits, margarine etc.
4. Textile Packaging: The textile industries make use of polyethylene bags to packages the textile products after production.
5. Packaging of Pharmaceutical Products: The use of high-density polyethylene in the packaging of pharmaceutical products like tablet and other related drugs is well known.
6. High Destiny Polyethylene and Cellophane is used in the packaging of aerospace hardware and value.
7. Low-density polyethylene is used in the field of heavy-duty sacks for packing automobile parts to avoid direct contact with atmospheric conditions; which can induce corrosion as a result of cracks.